Cloud Mercato tested CPU performance using a range of encryption speed tests:
Cloud Mercato's tested the I/O performance of this instance using a 100GB General Purpose SSD. Below are the results:
I/O rate testing is conducted with local and block storages attached to the instance. Cloud Mercato uses the well-known open-source tool FIO. To express IOPS the following parametersare used: 4K block, random access, no filesystem (except for write access with root volume and avoidance of cache and buffer.
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To speed up training, Trn1 instances also use NeuronLink–a high-speed, intra-instance interconnect.

With EC2 UltraClusters, organizations have the ability to scale the training of machine learning models with up to 30,000 Trainium accelerators interconnected with EFA petabit-scale networking. Amazon indicates that these organizations will therefore have on-demand access to supercomputing-class performance, which can significantly cut training time that usually takes months to just days.

I think the discrepancies can be attributed to the choice of the t-style instances. They are generally over committed.

Aren\'t \'t\' instances burst instances? They need to be under constant load for a long time before their burst credits for CPU, memory, network and EBS run out, after which they fall back on their baseline performance.